A wiki-style archive of neuroscience and cognitive science concepts, methods and researchers, each backed by papers and official sources.https://brainclassfy.com/enhttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/basal-ganglia/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/basal-ganglia/The basal ganglia are deep brain nuclei that loop with the cortex and thalamus to start and select movements and to learn habits.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTbrain-regionshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/dopamine/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/dopamine/Dopamine is a neurotransmitter for movement, motivation and reward learning. Often called the pleasure chemical, it mainly signals prediction errors.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTneuroscience-basicshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/eeg/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/eeg/EEG records the brain's electrical activity through scalp electrodes with millisecond precision. It is used in sleep research and in epilepsy evaluation.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTmethodshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/fmri/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/fmri/fMRI uses MRI to track blood-oxygen changes (the BOLD signal) that follow neural activity, showing noninvasively which brain regions are active.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTmethodshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/hippocampus/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/hippocampus/The hippocampus is a structure deep in the temporal lobe that is central to turning new events and facts into long-term memories and to remembering places.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTbrain-regionshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/jin-hyung-lee/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/jin-hyung-lee/Jin Hyung Lee is a Stanford associate professor of neurology, neurosurgery and bioengineering, known for optogenetic fMRI (ofMRI) and brain circuit research.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTpeoplehttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/neural-circuit/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/neural-circuit/A neural circuit is a group of neurons connected by synapses that work together to carry out a specific function such as sensory processing, movement or memory.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTneuroscience-basicshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/neuroplasticity/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/neuroplasticity/Neuroplasticity is the brain's capacity to change synapses and connections with experience, the cellular basis of learning and memory.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTneuroscience-basicshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/optogenetic-fmri/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/optogenetic-fmri/Optogenetic fMRI (ofMRI) drives specific neurons with light while measuring whole-brain responses with fMRI, mapping the circuits those cells recruit.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTmethodshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/optogenetics/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/optogenetics/Optogenetics delivers light-sensitive proteins to chosen neurons so researchers can switch those cells on or off with light, with millisecond precision.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTmethodshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/prefrontal-cortex/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/prefrontal-cortex/The prefrontal cortex, just behind the forehead, runs executive functions such as planning, impulse control and working memory, and matures last.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTbrain-regionshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/synapse/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/synapse/A synapse is the junction where one neuron passes a signal to the next. Most are chemical synapses that relay the signal by releasing neurotransmitters.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTneuroscience-basicshttps://brainclassfy.com/wiki/working-memory/https://brainclassfy.com/wiki/working-memory/Working memory holds information in mind for seconds while you manipulate it, supporting mental arithmetic, conversation and planning.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTcognitive-sciencehttps://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/caffeine/https://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/caffeine/Caffeine masks the brain's sleepiness signal and reliably boosts alertness. Adults should stay under 400 mg a day, and late-day caffeine cuts sleep.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTingredientshttps://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/ginkgo-biloba/https://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/ginkgo-biloba/Korea's MFDS says ginkgo extract may help memory, yet a trial of 3,069 adults aged 75+ found it did not reduce dementia.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTingredientshttps://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/l-theanine/https://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/l-theanine/L-theanine, an amino acid in tea, may help relieve stress-related tension at 200–250 mg a day per Korea's MFDS. Evidence comes mainly from small studies.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTingredientshttps://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/omega-3/https://brainclassfy.com/ingredients/omega-3/Korea's MFDS says EPA and DHA may help memory at 0.9–2 g a day, but trials show no protection against cognitive decline in healthy older adults.Sun, 08 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTingredients